Abdul Hamid II (1842 – 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
He adopted a policy of pan-Islamism in opposition to Western intervention in Ottoman affairs.
PeopleHawk Personality Type: Mentor
Abdul Hamid II (1842 – 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
He adopted a policy of pan-Islamism in opposition to Western intervention in Ottoman affairs.
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